Understanding cervical cancer - Healthy Living

Cancer of the cervix affects the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Cancer of the cervix happens when the cells at the opening of the uterus become abnormal and start to grow out of control. If not detected early through screening, the abnormal cells may lead to cancer of the cervix.

The major cause of the cancer is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). There are many HPV types, but the two types commonly associated with cancer of the cervix are type 16 and 18.

Dr Judith Ajeani a consultant at the association of gynaecologists and obstetricians at Mulago warns that, “Anyone who engages in sex risks getting the HPV infection. Both men and women can get the HPV

infection. Although HPV infection is considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI), it can also be spread through skin to skin genital contact without sexual intercourse.”

Prevention
While abstinence can prevent HPV, condoms can only reduce, but not prevent it. HPV vaccination can also protect young girls from becoming infected with HPV later in life. All girls between the ages of 9-13 years should be vaccinated against HPV.

In Uganda, all girls in Primary Four irrespective of age and all 10-year-old girls who are not in school should be vaccinated against HPV . The vaccine is given in the form of an injection in the upper arm. It is given in two doses – six months apart. The vaccine works best when

girls are vaccinated before they are exposed to HPV (before they start having sex).”
The vaccine is safe, effective, and has been approved by the Government of Uganda. It has been tested in many countries and the results show that it works. The HPV vaccine does not cause infertility.

“Research has shown that the HPV vaccine is highly effective against the commonest HPV types that cause cancer of the cervix. It is most effective if all three doses are completed on schedule,” says Dr Mayanja.

He adds that, “There are no serious side effects reported but one may feel a little pain and soreness at the site of the injection and dizziness. These usually go away without treatment.”